Cryptographic Primitives & Protocols

Protocols & Primitives Used (near-exhaustive)

Domain	Protocol	Primitives Used	Reference
Transport Security	TLS 1.3	ECDHE + AES-GCM/ChaCha20-Poly1305 + HKDF + HMAC + RSA-PSS/ECDSA/EdDSA + SHA-2/SHA-3	RFC 8446
	HTTPS	TLS + X.509 (RSA/ECDSA)	Mozilla TLS Docs
	DTLS 1.3	ECDHE + AES-GCM/ChaCha20-Poly1305 + HKDF + HMAC + RSA-PSS/ECDSA/EdDSA	RFC 9147
Email Security	PGP/OpenPGP	RSA/DSA/EdDSA + AES-256/3DES + SHA-2/SHA-3 + DH	RFC 4880
	S/MIME	RSA/ECDSA + AES/3DES + SHA-2 + X.509	RFC 8551
Encrypted Messaging	Signal	X3DH + Double Ratchet + AES-256 + HMAC-SHA256 + Ed25519	Signal Spec
	Matrix/OMEMO	Olm/Megolm + Curve25519 + AES-256 + HMAC-SHA256 + Ed25519	Matrix Spec
	Wickr	ECDH + AES-256-GCM + HMAC-SHA512 + BLAKE2 + Ed25519	Wickr Protocol
Public Blockchains	Bitcoin	SHA-256 + RIPEMD-160 + ECDSA + Merkle trees	Bitcoin Whitepaper
	Ethereum	Keccak-256 + ECDSA + Merkle Patricia Trie	Ethereum Docs
	Cardano	BLAKE2b-256 + EdDSA + VRF + Merkle trees	Cardano Docs
Privacy Blockchains	Zcash	zk-SNARKs + Pedersen commitments + BLS12-381 + Merkle trees + Equihash	Zcash Protocol Spec
	Filecoin	zk-SNARKs + PoRep + PoSt + VDFs + MerkleCRH	Filecoin Spec
	Monero	Ring signatures + Pedersen commitments + Bulletproofs + Ed25519 + Keccak	Monero Research Lab
Consensus & Randomness	Algorand	VRFs + BA⋆ + SHA-256	Algorand Whitepaper
	Ouroboros	VRFs + BLS signatures + PoS	Cardano Ouroboros Spec
Authentication Tokens	OAuth 2.0 / OIDC	JWT + HMAC-SHA256 + RSA/ECDSA + TLS	OIDC Spec
	SAML 2.0	XML DSig (RSA/ECDSA) + SHA-256 + AES	OASIS SAML Spec
Remote Access / Tunnels	OpenSSH	ECDH/X25519 + AES-GCM/ChaCha20-Poly1305 + HMAC-SHA2 + Ed25519/RSA	OpenSSH Protocol
	WireGuard	Noise IK (Curve25519) + ChaCha20-Poly1305 + BLAKE2s	WireGuard Protocol
	IPsec	IKEv2/DH/ECDH + AES-GCM + HMAC + RSA/ECDSA	RFC 7296
Anonymity Networks	Tor	Onion Routing + DH + AES-CTR + SHA-256 + Curve25519/Ed25519 + TLS	Tor Spec
Secure Multiparty Computation	SPDZ	Secret sharing + HE (Paillier) + Beaver triples + AES + OT	SPDZ Protocol
	GMW	OT + Garbled circuits + AES + SHA-256	GMW Protocol
Digital Signatures	DSA	SHA-2 + DL (finite fields)	FIPS 186-4
	ECDSA	EC (secp) + SHA-2	FIPS 186-4
	EdDSA	Ed25519 + SHA-512 + Twisted Edwards	RFC 8032

Primitives (near-exhaustive)

Category	Sub-category	Name	Reference
Symmetric Cryptography	Block Ciphers	AES	NIST FIPS 197
		DES	NIST FIPS 46-3
		3DES	NIST SP 800-67
		PRESENT	ISO/IEC 29192-2
	Stream Ciphers	ChaCha20	RFC 8439
		RC4	Deprecated
	AEAD	AES-GCM	NIST SP 800-38D
		ChaCha20-Poly1305	RFC 8439
	MACs	HMAC	RFC 2104
		CMAC	NIST SP 800-38B
		Poly1305	RFC 8439
Asymmetric Cryptography	Encryption	RSA	RFC 8017
		ElGamal	-
	Signatures	RSA-PSS	RFC 8017
		DSA	FIPS 186-4
		ECDSA	FIPS 186-4
		EdDSA (Ed25519)	RFC 8032
	Key Exchange	DH	RFC 2631
		ECDH	NIST SP 800-56A
		X25519	RFC 7748
Hash Functions	-	SHA-1	Deprecated, FIPS 180-4
		SHA-2 (SHA-256)	FIPS 180-4
		SHA-3	FIPS 202
		Keccak	-
		BLAKE2	RFC 7693
		RIPEMD-160	-
Key Derivation Functions	-	HKDF	RFC 5869
		PBKDF2	RFC 8018
Pseudorandom Functions	-	PRF (AES-based)	-
	Generators	CSPRNG	NIST SP 800-90A
Zero-Knowledge Proofs	-	zk-SNARKs (Groth16)	-
		Bulletproofs	-
Commitments	-	Pedersen	-
		Hash-based	-
Verifiable Computations	-	VRF	RFC 9381
		VDF	-
	Proofs	PoRep	Filecoin Spec
		PoSt	Filecoin Spec
Structures	-	Merkle Trees	-
		Merkle Patricia Trie	Ethereum Docs
Other Primitives	Signatures	Ring Signatures	-
	MPC	Oblivious Transfer (OT)	-
		Garbled Circuits	-
		Secret Sharing	-
	Anonymity	Blind Signatures	-
		Group Signatures	-